A power transformer is a crucial component in electrical systems, operating on Faraday's law of mutual induction. It steps up or steps down voltage levels, ensuring efficient power transmission and distribution.
Faraday's law states that a change in magnetic flux in a circuit induces an electromotive force (EMF). This principle is the foundation of transformer operation, enabling voltage transformation between windings.
A transformer consists of two windings (primary and secondary) on a laminated silicon steel core. The primary winding receives AC supply, creating alternating magnetic flux, which induces EMF in the secondary winding.
When AC supply is applied to the primary winding, an alternating flux is generated. This flux links with the secondary winding, inducing an EMF opposite in direction to the primary voltage, enabling power transfer.